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???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????. ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? (?? ?????? ????) ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????. ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??.^[5]^[6]

??? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????. ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????. ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??? ??? ??????.

?? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????. ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????. ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????.^[7]

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??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????. ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????????. ??? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????.^[9]

???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????.^[10]

???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????. ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????. ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????.^[11]

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???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????. ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????.

?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? (??? ??? ????).

???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????. ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???.^[14]

?????

^ "??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? britannica.com". britannica.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.
^ "??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? newadvent.org". newadvent.org. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.
^ "??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? id.loc.gov". id.loc.gov. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.
^ Hirst? Scott (1 ????? 2018). "The Case for Investor Ordering". The Harvard Law School Program on Corporate Governance Discussion Paper. No. 2017-13. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14. {{??????? ?????? ?????}}: |??????= ???? ????? ?????? (??????)
^ Pettet? B. G. (2005). Company Law. Pearson Education. ?. 151. Reading the above, makes it possible to forget that the shareholders are the owners of the company.
^ Courtney? Thomas B. (2002). The Law of Private Companies (?. 2nd). Bloomsbury Professional. 4.001.
^ corporation. CollinsDictionary.com. Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved December 07, 2012. ???? ?????? 28 ????? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ????.
^ de Ligt? L. (2001). "D. 47,22, 1, pr.-1 and the Formation of Semi-Public "Collegia"". Latomus. ?. 60 ?. 2: 346–349. ISSN:0023-8856. JSTOR:41539517. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.
^ Harold Joseph Berman, Law and Revolution (vol. 1): The Formation of the Western Legal Tradition, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983, pp. 215–216. (???? 0-674-51776-8)
^ Canning? Joseph (1996). A History of Medieval Political Thought: 300–1450. Abingdon: Routledge. ?. 172. ISBN:978-0-415-39415-4. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.
^ Canning? Joseph (2011). Ideas of Power in the Late Middle Ages, 1296–1417. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ?. 145–46. ISBN:978-1-107-01141-0. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.
^ Vikramaditya S. Khanna (2005). The Economic History of the Corporate Form in Ancient India. ???? ?????? 2025-08-14 ??? ???? ??? ??? ????. ????? ???????.
^ Prakash? Om (1998). European Commercial Enterprise in Pre-Colonial India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
^ Keay? John (1991). The Honorable Company: A History of the English East India Company. New York: MacMillan.

???? ????

????

[1] "??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? britannica.com". britannica.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.

[2] "??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? newadvent.org". newadvent.org. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.

[3] "??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? id.loc.gov". id.loc.gov. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.

[4] Hirst? Scott (1 ????? 2018). "The Case for Investor Ordering". The Harvard Law School Program on Corporate Governance Discussion Paper. No. 2017-13. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14. {{??????? ?????? ?????}}: |??????= ???? ????? ?????? (??????)

[5] Pettet? B. G. (2005). Company Law. Pearson Education. ?. 151. Reading the above, makes it possible to forget that the shareholders are the owners of the company.

[6] Courtney? Thomas B. (2002). The Law of Private Companies (?. 2nd). Bloomsbury Professional. 4.001.

[7] rporation. CollinsDictionary.com. Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved December 07, 2012. ???? ?????? 28 ????? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ????.

[de_Ligt_2001-8] Ligt? L. (2001). "D. 47,22, 1, pr.-1 and the Formation of Semi-Public "Collegia"". Latomus. ?. 60 ?. 2: 346–349. ISSN:0023-8856. JSTOR:41539517. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.

[9] Harold Joseph Berman, Law and Revolution (vol. 1): The Formation of the Western Legal Tradition, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983, pp. 215–216. (???? 0-674-51776-8)

[10] Canning? Joseph (1996). A History of Medieval Political Thought: 300–1450. Abingdon: Routledge. ?. 172. ISBN:978-0-415-39415-4. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.

[11] Canning? Joseph (2011). Ideas of Power in the Late Middle Ages, 1296–1417. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ?. 145–46. ISBN:978-1-107-01141-0. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2025-08-14.

[12] Vikramaditya S. Khanna (2005). The Economic History of the Corporate Form in Ancient India. ???? ?????? 2025-08-14 ??? ???? ??? ??? ????. ????? ???????.

[13] Prakash? Om (1998). European Commercial Enterprise in Pre-Colonial India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[14] Keay? John (1991). The Honorable Company: A History of the English East India Company. New York: MacMillan.

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